🧩 Java Development Rules

✅ General Coding Standards

• Use meaningful and descriptive variable, method, and class names.
• Follow camelCase for variables and methods, PascalCase for classes.
• Avoid magic numbers and hardcoded values; use constants or enums.
• Keep methods short and focused on a single responsibility.
• Prefer composition over inheritance where applicable.
• Avoid deep nesting; use early returns to simplify logic.

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🧪 Testing Best Practices

• Always write unit tests for public methods using JUnit 5.
• Use Mockito for mocking dependencies in unit tests.
• Follow AAA (Arrange-Act-Assert) pattern in tests.
• Ensure tests are independent and repeatable.
• Use parameterized tests for multiple input scenarios.
• Validate edge cases and exception handling in tests.
• Use integration tests for Spring Boot controllers and services.

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🛡️ Defensive Programming

• Validate method inputs using Objects.requireNonNull() or custom checks.
• Use Optional to handle nullable return values safely.
• Catch and log exceptions with meaningful messages.
• Avoid exposing internal implementation via public APIs.
• Use assertions only for development, not production logic.
• Handle external API failures gracefully with retries or fallbacks.

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🚀 Optimization & Modern Java Features

• Use var for local variables where type is obvious (Java 10+).
• Prefer switch expressions over traditional switch (Java 14+).
• Use record for immutable data carriers (Java 14+).
• Use Stream API for collection processing, but avoid overuse.
• Use CompletableFuture for async operations.
• Use Pattern Matching for instanceof (Java 16+) for cleaner type checks.
• Use Text Blocks for multi-line strings (Java 15+).
• Avoid unnecessary object creation; reuse where possible.
• Profile and benchmark critical code paths before optimizing.

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🌱 Spring Boot Specific Rules

• Use constructor injection over field injection.
• Annotate configuration classes with @Configuration.
• Use @Service, @Repository, and @Controller appropriately.
• Avoid business logic in controllers; delegate to services.
• Use @Transactional for methods that modify data.
• Externalize configuration using application.yml or application.properties.
• Use @Value or @ConfigurationProperties for config binding.
• Validate request payloads using @Valid and @NotNull, etc.
• Use pagination and filtering for large data sets.
• Secure endpoints using Spring Security best practices.